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Discover The Biochemical Constituents of Argan Oil

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The Virgin argan oil of edible or beauty grade is composed of 99% acylglycerides (primarily triglycerides). Unsaponifiable matter, which represents the remaining one percent, is composed of carotenes, tocopherols, triterpene alcohols, sterols, and xanthophylls, Fatty acids that compose acylglycerides are principally oleic and linoleic acid, 43 to 49 % and 29-36 , respectively,Oleic acid is a monounsaturated fatty acid of the omega-9 family, while linoleic acid is a polyunsaturated fatty acid belonging to the omega-6 family. Palmitic and stearic acid are saturated fatty acids found at a concentrations of 11-15 % and 4 to 7%, respectively.

Oleic acid, a monounsaturated fatty acid, has numerous therapeutic effects that contribute to the important properties of argan oil. Because tocopherols and sterols can act synergistically, the specific combination of molecules found in the unsaponifiable matter is theorized to contribute to the therapeutic aspects of that oil.

Many of moroccan oil's specific health benefits are attributed to its composition of unsaponi"able matter (although it constitutes a small amount of the oil) and high tocopherol content.15!e tocopherol content of argan oil is 620 mg/kg, compared to 320 mg/kg in olive oil.

The Clinical Activity:
Topical and oral argan oils have different therapeutic properties.
The Cosmetic properties attributed to topical (beauty) oil are primarily based on traditional claims and have little scientific backing. The Properties of virgin edible miraculous oil have been evaluated in animal models and human cohort studies.

The Anti-sebum Activity:
Moroccan oil containing creams are frequently indicated in cosmetology as moisturizing, Some argan oil pharmacological properties are likely to result from its high unsaturated fatty acid content.

Because a linoleic acid deficiency can induce poor wound healing, the high linoleic acid content of argan oil may contribute to its traditional indication as a cure for skin in#ammation. However, several other oils are rich in oleic and/or linoleic acid but do not possess the same therapeutic effect anti-aging, and repair creams. The anti-sebum activity of topical argan oil was demonstrated on 20-17 to 50-year-old volunteers with oily facial skin.

Sebum level was determined on forehead and both cheeks. A twice daily facial application of moroccan oil containing cream for four weeks revealed significant anti-sebum activity that translated to reduced greasiness and improved appearance of oily facial skin.
The Treatments longer than four weeks did not show improved sebum-regulating efficacy.

The Antiproliferative Activity/Cancer Preventive:
The Epidemiological data have indicated that regular consumption of edible olive oil could have significant protective effects against colorectal, breast, prostate, pancreas, and endometrial cancer.

The combined presence in olive oil of oleic acid, phenoics endowed with antioxidant properties, and squalene is currently considered to be the key factor to explain this antiproliferative activity.
The moroccan and olive oils have these essential constituents in common, an antiproliferative effect has been claimed for the moroccan oil.

The antiproliferative activity of golden oil unsaponifiable matter, mainly polyphenols, tocopherols, and sterols, has been studied in vitro on hormone- independent (DU145 and PC3), hormone-depen- dent (LNCaP), and SV40-immortalized prostate tumor cell lines.22,23 Sterols from that oil appear to have particularly strong antiproliferative activity against PC3 cell line; whereas, polyphenols display a high activity against DU145 and LNCaP cell lines.

The precise mechanism of action as an antiprolif- erative agent is still poorly understood. Cell cycle arrest mediated by up-regulation of the P27 cell cycle regulatory protein may explain the specific activity of argan oil polyphenols. Inhibition of ornithine decarboxylase or nitric oxide synthase, two enzymes overexpressed in prostate cancer, could also be involved in the observed activity of polyphenols.
Saponins from argan press-cake, the residue remaining after oil kernel pressing, also have antiproliferative effects on DU145, LNCaP, and PC3 cell lines. However, these saponins, which are water-soluble compounds, have not been identified in oil.

The Studies using HT-1080 "brosarcoma and MSV-MDCK-invasive cells have confirmed the antiproliferative activity of argan oil polyphenols.

The use of hepatoma tissue culture cells, the squalene and polyphenol-rich extract of argan oil has been shown to reduce the ability of extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1 and 2 (ERK1/2) to respond to increasing doses of insulin, while the response to serine/threonine kinase (Akt)remained undisturbed.

Moroccan oil polyphenols also interrupt the insulin-signaling cascades at the MEK1/2-ERK1/2 interface.

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