Square or Rectangle

• The square or rectangle layout is the most basic arrangement of orchard trees. A tree stands in each corner of the square or rectangle, essentially forming very regularly spaced rows. The rectangle is a variation on the square that allows more space between the trees in one direction. This layout offers easy access for cultivation.
  
  

Quincunx

• A quincunx consists of four trees at the corners of a square with one tree in the middle. The tree at the center of the quincunx is a temporary tree, or filler. A temporary tree is planted in an orchard only to cultivate for the first several years, until the permanent trees reach their full production potential, at which time the temporary trees are removed to free up more resources like sun and water for the permanent trees.
  
  

Hexagon

• In a hexagon configuration, one tree is placed at the center of six more equidistant trees. Arranging orchard trees this way makes maximum use of space. If the trees become overcrowded, some of them must be thinned but the irregular pattern makes it difficult to achieve proper spacing when removing the temporary trees. Also, this arrangement is less accessible to equipment than straight rows so it may be inconvenient for large orchards.
  
  

Contour

• Contour planting is a technique that growers use in areas that are vulnerable to erosion like hillsides. Trees planted in parallel rows that contour around a landscape help control erosion and retain moisture. Terraces are also a form of contour planting.