• d,Computer monitor, CPU, keyboard, mousebusiness computer desktop office image by scalesy from Fotolia.com
  
  Today's technology-driven environment dictates that teachers in all school systems have a basic knowledge of computer hardware and terminology and the ability to run and teach educational programs. Teachers also need basic skills in using word processing software, and using the Internet to perform research and to receive and send email. True computer literacy involves much more in-depth knowledge; however, the process starts with understanding the basics.
  
  

General Computer Hardware Operations

• A teacher should understand five basic pieces of computer hardware and their functions, beginning with the monitor. Any data input into the computer shows up on the monitor. Next is the CPU (central processing unit), which turns the computer on or off and processes data. The operating system, programs (also called applications), hard drive, file storage, files and drivers related to the attached peripherals, such as the printer, are all installed on the CPU.
  
  The keyboard inputs data. It includes a standard typewriter keyboard plus additional keys used for certain commands and functions. The mouse is a hand-held control for a pointer that appears on the monitor. You position the mouse to perform a command or task, then click a button on the mouse to start the procedure. Finally, the printer outputs data from the computer. You need to understand all five elements for basic computer operation.
  
  

Word Processing

• Teachers need basic word processing skills to create documents, such as lesson plans and reports. They should be able to input and edit data using the keyboard. They should also know how to copy, cut and paste sentences and paragraphs from other data sources, and within the document. This includes knowing where to find the icons on the Standard and Formatting toolbars to perform these tasks.
  
  Teachers also need to know how to use word processing software to make new data folders, change text fonts (type size and appearance), bold, italicize or underline text, link documents and save them to the computer hard drive, CDs and other removable media. Understanding file extensions used in the names of different types of files, such as .doc, .exe and .jpg, is also helpful.
  
  

Internet

• Much of a teacher's written communication with the faculty, administrative office and even some students consists of sending and receiving email. Teachers should able to respond to and initiate an email. This requires understanding the function and structure of an email address.
  
  To research websites for teaching, research or other information, teachers need to understand the function of a URL (Uniform Resource Locator) and know how to use a web browser and search engine. In addition, teachers should have a basic awareness of computer viruses other criminal activity on the Internet. This includes installing and using appropriate scanning software, and not downloading files or clicking links from suspect sources, such as unsolicited email from unknown persons.