Adolescent Medicine

• Specialists in adolescent medicine work with adolescents and young adults in regards to their physical, psychological, social and sexual development. Conditions treated may include growth and development disorders, learning disabilities, vision and hearing disorders, muscle and bone problems, acne, allergies, eating disorders, substance abuse, mental health problems and sexual health.
  
  

Allergy and Immunology

• Allergists and immunologists deal with preventing, diagnosing and treating immune system problems. Their areas of practice include the treatment of respiratory diseases, such as allergic rhinitis, sinusitis and asthma; skin problems, such as eczema, contact dermatitis and hives; gastrointestinal disorders caused by immune responses to foods; and immune responses caused by stem cell, bone marrow and organ transplants.
  
  

Cardiology, Gastroenterology, Hematology

• Cardiologists prevent, diagnose and treat adults for diseases of the heart, blood vessels and circulation system. Gastroenterologists deal with disorders and conditions of the digestive tract, which includes the esophagus, stomach, small intestines, colon, liver and pancreas. Hematologists are concerned with disorders of the blood, bone marrow and lymphatic systems.
  
  

Endocrinology, Nephrology

• Endocrinologists treat conditions that involve hormonal problems, including diabetes, thyroid disorders, infertility, glandular cancers, growth hormone deficiency, heart disease, osteoporosis, obesity and hormonal imbalances. Nephrologists deal with the kidneys. They diagnose and treat both the conditions that kidney diseases can cause, such as high blood pressure, and diseases that can cause kidney failure, such as diabetes mellitus and polycystic kidney disease.
  
  

Pulmonology

• Pulmonologists deal with diseases of the lungs and bronchial tubes. Some examples include pneumonia, asthma, tuberculosis and emphysema. This specialty often involves evaluating the heart along with the upper respiratory tract, which includes the nose, pharynx and throat.
  
  

Other Internal Medicine Specialties

• Geriatricians work with older adults in areas of special concern in aging, including falls, incontinence, cerebrovascular disease and dementia. The other areas of specialties for internal medicine doctors are infectious disease, sports medicine, cancer and arthritis. Cancer specialists are commonly referred to as oncologists, and specialists in arthritis are known as rheumatologists.